同位语从句

同位语从句是一种名词性从句，用于对其前面的名词进行进一步的说明。这些名词常见的有doubt, fact, message, proof, opinion, hope, impression, evidence, idea, belief, feeling, conclusion, rumour, report, possibility, guarantee, thought, assurance等。

1) 由that 引导的同位语从句
* There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。
* We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。
* We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
* He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。
* There is no doubt that he will keep his promise. 我们相信他会守信。
* They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金
* There is no evidence that he committed crime. 没有他犯罪的证据。

2) 由连接代副词引导的同位语从句
* I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候会回来。
* He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。
* The question who was to blame has never been settled. 该由谁负责， 这个问题根本没有解决。

3) 由whether 引导的同位语从句
* He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
* We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
* I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。

4) 由 what 引导的同位语从句
* I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。
* Next comes the question what you want it for. 其次就是这个问题， 你为什么要它。

5) 同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。
* The news got about that the firm was closing down. 消息传开说公司将要倒闭。
* Report has it that the princess is getting married this year. 据说公主今年将结婚。
* The rumour spread that they had been arrested. 谣传他们被逮捕了。
* Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?6) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
a) 从意义上讲，同位语从句是名词性从句，用于对其前面的名词进行进一步的说明，与先行词是同位的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。
b) 从结构上讲，that在同位语从句中为连词，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中that代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
c) 有些引导词如whether, what, how等可以用来引导同位语从句，但它们不能用来引导定语从句。
d) 可作同位语从句的先行词的名词比较有限，常见的有doubt, fact, message, proof, opinion, hope, impression, evidence, idea, belief, feeling, conclusion, rumour, report, possibility, guarantee, thought, assurance等。而定语从句的先行词则比较广泛，包括大部分名词及代词。