have 的用法

1. have 作助动词
1) 构成完成时态和完成进行时态
* He has not made up his mind yet. 他还没有决定呢。
* He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。
* I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
* You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候，你已经抵达上海了。
* By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 等你今晚来到时，她已经打了几个小时的字了。
* I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
* John has been painting the door. 约翰一直在给门上油漆。
* He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
* No one in his senses would have done so. 没有一个神志清醒的人会这样做。

2) 构成各种完成形式
* You ought to have done your homework last weekdays. 你上周本该做你的家庭作业。
* You were supposed to have finished the work. 你理应已经完成这份工作。
* She admitted having done wrong. 她承认做错了。
* You are forgiven for not having heard of us. 你从没听说过我们，不过这也不怪你。
* Having finished all the tasks, we went to the cinema. 完成所有的任务后，我们去了看电影。
* Not having received a replay, he decided to write to her again. 没有得到答复，他决定再写信给她。

2. have 作及物动词的用法
1）表示所有关系
* The book has a simple premise. 本书有一个简单的前提。
* Will we have time to go there? 我们将有时间到那里去吗？
* I have a beautiful dream. 我有一个美丽的梦。
* She has a little cat. 她又一只小猫。
* We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得很开心。
* I have a fear that he will betray us. 我担心他会背叛我们。
* She'll have a day off next week. 下周她休假一天。
* You must have a cold today. 你今天肯定感冒了。

2）和许多动词连用表示动作
* have a class 上课
* have a meeting 开会
* have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
* have a swim 游泳
* have a look 看一看

3）构成某些动词结构

a) have + 名（代）词 + 不带to 的不定式
* I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
* I won't have him mend my watch. 我不会让他修我的手表。

b) have + 名（代）词 + 过去分词
* The mother's having her baby hanged on her back. 这个母亲把她的小孩背在背上。
* The patient's having his temperature taken. 这个病人正在量体温。
* I have my homework finished. 我完成了作业。
* I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了头发。

c) have + 名（代）词 + 现在分词
* I had him doing the work all night long. 我让他整晚都工作。
* The workers have the machine running. 工人让机器一直运作。
* He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停。

d) have (got) to 不得不
* We had to leave early. 我们非早些离开不可。
* They will have to pass a special test. 他们必须通过专门测验。
* I'll have to look after her at home tomorrow. 我明天必须在家照顾她。
* I have got to go. 我得走了。
* All of these have got to be chucked away. 所以这些都要被扔掉。
* We have got to admit that you are right. 我们不得不承认你是对的。

e) have got ( = have)
* I have got a headache. 我头疼。
* I have got no time. 我没有时间。
* You have got a loose tooth. 你有一颗牙齿松动了。
* Have you got a dictionary? 你有字典吗？
* She has got the bag washed. 她洗了这个包。