动词的类型
1. 及物动词
这类动词后边要跟宾语。
She teaches English. 她教英语。
People love her. 人们都喜欢她。
2. 不及物动词
这类动词后边不跟宾语。
He arrived late this morning. 他今天早上迟到了。
Her parents died in an accident when she was six. 她6岁时双亲在一次车祸中丧生。
注: 在英语中,不少动词既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。
3. 双宾动词
有些动词可以跟两个宾语,一个为间接宾语,另一个为直接宾语。
Please give me a pen. 请给我一支笔。
He owed me 10 dollars. 他欠我10美元。
4. 系动词
系动词在句中连接主语和表语。常见的系动词有下面这些:
appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, rest, run, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
1) 系动词所连接的表语可以是形容词,名(代)词,数词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词或表语从句。(详细可参见“表语”一章)。
The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。(形容词作表语)
It is a long wait in the dark. 在黑暗中他们等了很长一段时间。(名词作表语)
The atomic weight of oxygen is sixteen. 氧的原子量是16. (数词作表语)
I am not sure if he is around. 我不清楚他是否在附近。 (副词作表语)
He's still in danger. 他仍在危险期。(介词短语作表语)
His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。 (不定式作表语)
Her hobby is growing roses. 她的爱好是种玫瑰花。(动名词作表语)
What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。(现在分词作表语)
Please remain seated. 请不要站起来。(过去分词作表语)
The truth is that he was very shy. 事实是他很害羞。(表语从句)
2) “主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + 介词短语” 结构
这种结构很常用, “be + 形容词 + 介词”这一结构有不少已成为习惯用语。
We are proud of our new club. 我们以我们的新会所为荣。
I am afraid of disturbing you. 我怕打搅了你。
He was not interested in that story. 他对那个故事不感兴趣。
The country is short of skilled labor. 这个国家缺乏熟练工人。
He was worried about her health. 他担心她的健康。
3)“主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + 从句” 结构
I am afraid that it may hurt you. 我恐怕这会使你感到伤心。
She was glad that Joanna was going away. 乔安娜要走了,这使她很开心。
Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year. 我们足球队为今年每次比赛都获胜而感到自豪。
I am not clear when he will come. 我不清楚他什么时候会来。
They were uncertain whether they could find time to do it. 他们不确定的他们是否能找到时间来做这个。
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不知道我该做什么。
5. 助动词
(详见助动词一章)
6. 情态动词
(详见情态动词一章)
下一篇: 动词的五种形式