副词小品词及其用法

英语中有一类特殊的词叫副词小品词，如off, up, in, on, over, out 等。这类词既有副词的特征，词形又与介词相同。大部分副词小品词虽然词形与介词相同，但用法上却与介词不同。副词小品词不像介词一样可以单独自带宾语，它必须与动词构成成语动词后，后边才有跟宾语的可能。下面介绍副词小品词的用法。

1. 单独作状语
He had never been in love before. 他以前从未谈过恋爱。
Besides, it's made of pure wool, so it's very soft. 此外，这是纯羊毛的，因此手感柔和。

2. 作表语
Time is up. Please put your pen down. 时间到了。请停止写。
When the infection is over, antibodies remain in the blood. 感染过后，抗体仍留在血液中。
The lights are all off now. 现在灯全部都关掉了。

3. 作定语
The shops around are all closed. 附近的商店都关了。

4. 作宾语补足语
We don’t want to let him in. 我们不想让他进来。

5. 构成成语动词
1) 不及物动词 + 小品词
这类成语动词后不跟宾语。
The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱者被迫投降。
The server broke down last night. 昨晚服务器瘫痪了。

2) 及物动词 + 小品词
这类成语动词后可以跟宾语。
I forget to turn off the gas. 我忘了关煤气。
He put forward a very good suggestion in yesterday’s meeting. 他在昨天的会议上提出了一个很好的建议。

小品词常可放到宾语后边去，如:
He felt a bit cold and put his jacket on again. 他感觉到有点冷，重新穿上了夹克。

这类成语动词可用于被动，如：
The meeting will be put off until tomorrow.

3) 不及物动词 + 小品词 + 介词
He's never come up against such serious competition. 他从未遇到如此严峻的竞争.
She cannot put up with her noisy roommates. 她受不了吵闹的室友。