英语句子分析: 状语提前

Chinese President Xi Jinping said on Friday during a visit to Berlin that Japan’s wartime atrocities were still “fresh in our memory”;
中国国家主席习近平周五访问德国时表示日本战时暴行仍历历在目、记忆犹新。

我们知道，宾语从句通常都位于动词之后。如, We could see that something was happening. (我们可以看到当时有事发生。) 中的 that something was happening 就位于动词see 之后。上面这句话的特点在于有两个作为状语的介词短语被移到宾语从句that Japan’s wartime atrocities were still “fresh in our memory” 之前。这两个介词短语分别是on Friday 和during a visit to Berlin。状语提前的目的是为了避免宾语从句太长时，后置的话读者可能误以为状语是修饰宾语从句中的谓语，而不是修饰主句中的谓语。又如: We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. (我们经常读到一个表面上受人尊重的人物或家庭，却有着某种多年不为人所知的骇人听闻的秘密。) 这一句中的 in novels。再如: I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almost seven times the population of Cambodia. (行前，我从地图册上读到越南差不多有七倍柬埔寨的人口。) 中的 in an atlas 和before our trip。

当然，不熟悉状语提前或语感不良的读者则有可能因为状语提前而出现读句混乱。有可能把that引导的句子当作定语从句或者是结果状语从句。

这句话的英语句子成分分析如下:

* said 为 say 的过去式。
* said 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* on Friday 为介词短语作状语，被移位到宾语从句之前。
* during a visit to Berlin 为介词短语作状语，被移位到宾语从句之前。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* were 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* fresh 为形容词作表语。
* our 为形容词型物主代词。Japan's 为名词所有格。a 为不定冠词。

wartime ['wɔ:taim] n. 战时
atrocity [ә'trɔsiti] n. （尤指战争中的）残暴行为
fresh [freʃ] a. 1) 新鲜的 2）新近的，新近出现的
memory n. 记忆