“前者、后者”英文怎么说
我们写作时经常会用到“前者”和“后者”来指代前文中提至过的词或者叙述,从而避免累赘的复述。英文中用 the former 和 the latter 来表达这个意思。注意 latter 不要误写为 later。
1. the former.... the latter
Man differs from animals in that the former can reason, while the latter can't. 人与动物的不同之处在于前者能够推理,而后者不能。
We have meat and vegetable. Do you prefer the former or the latter? 我们有肉和蔬菜。你喜欢前者还是后者?
the former 与 the latter 不一定要同时出现在文本中,它们是可以单独使用的,如:
He presented two solutions. The latter seems much better. 他提出了两种解决方案。后者似乎要好得多。
latter 与 former 除了用作代词之外,还可以用作形容词,如:
The latter point is the most important. 后面讲到的那一点是最重要的。
The former option would be much more sensible. 前一个选择要明智得多。
2. 如果要表示“两者之中……(,前者……)(,后者……)”,则用介词 of,如下例。
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
注意 of 不能用 among 代替,因为 among 用于不只两个的多个之间。
3. 另外,有时也可以使用 the first 和 the second 来指代“前者”和“后者”,如:
To produce snow requires both heat and cold; the first to evaporate, the second to condense. 雪的形成需要热和冷两个条件;前者起蒸发作用,后者起凝结作用。
4. 如果前文所述的系列中有不只两个,最好用 last 来代替 latter,如:
We had soup, fish, and dessert, and the last was uninspiring. 我们吃了汤、鱼和甜点,最后一份很没意思。
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